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About OMFS in Europe

In Europe there are two medical specialties, single degree Maxillo-facial Surgery (basic medical training) and Dental Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (basic medical and dental training). A summary can be downloaded using this link.

Summary of OMFS including changes from MF to DOMFS

There has been a trend for nations to move from single degree to dual degree OMFS. Until now, only Norway has moved from dual degree DOMFS to single medical degree MF and they continue to recognised DOMFS specialists without restrictions. The countries who have moved from MF to OMFS include Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia and Luxemburg. These nations have both MF and DOMFS in Annex V, to allow MF specialists to continue practicing. Those talking about moving toward DOMFS include France, Spain and Italy.

Originally, OMFS in Greece was not recognised under either dentistry or medicine in the Directive, but are now recognised under DOMF dual degree. In May 2024 Latvia moved from single degree to dual degree OMFS.

The below table summarises the current situation on Annex V as updated 31/05/2024
A single page PDF is available here and the updated Annex V here.

Country (English)

Country in Nations' Language

OMFS Dental, oral and maxillo-facial surgery (basic medical and dental training) (EN)

MF Maxillo-facial surgery (basic medical training)

Oral Surgery

Austria

Österreich

Y

Y

 

Belgium

Belgique/België/Belgien

Y

   

Bulgaria

България

Y

Y

+

Croatia

Hrvatska

 

Y

 

Cyprus

Κύπρος

Y

 

+

Czech Republic

Česká republika

 

Y

+

Denmark

Denmark

   

+

Estonia

Eesti

     

Finland

Suomi/Finland

Y

 

+

France

France

 

Y

Unique OS is medical and dental

Germany

Deutschland

Y

 

+

Greece

Ελλάς

Y

 

+

Hungary

Magyarország

Y

Y

+

Iceland *

Ísland

     

Ireland

Ireland

Y

 

+

Italy

Italia

 

Y

 

Latvia

Latvija

Y

 

 

Liechtenstein *

Liechtenstein

Y

   

Lithuania

Lietuva

 

Y

+

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Y

Y

 

Malta

Malta

Y

 

+

Netherlands**

Nederland

Y**

 

+

Norway *

Norge

Y practically

Y officially  

Poland

Polska

 

Y

+

Portugal

Portugal

 

Y

+

Romania

România

Y

 

+

Slovenia

Slovenija

 

Y

+

Slovakia

Slovensko

 

Y

+

Spain

España

 

Y

+

Sweden

Sverige

   

+

Switzerland *

Suisse

Y

   

UK.#

 

Y

 

+

 

* Not in EU but has links to EU defined in Treaties as members of the European Economic Area (EEA) or European Free Trade Area (EFTA).
** Dual degree OMFS but recognised within the dental directives
+ Oral surgery specialty listed in Annex V
# UK No longer listed in Annex V but remains full member of UEMS

 

EU and EAA OMFS Surgeons moving within Europe to work

Understanding the nature of OMFS in each European nation is important to understand between which nations specialists can travel without difficulty (ones in the same listing in Directive 2005/36 Annex V), and those where additional paperwork is required. As a general rule, working between nations of the same colour on our map should be relatively straight forward. Download an abreviated list of single degree and dual degree nations plus the map here.

For surgeons from nations of different types in either direction, dual to single, or single to dual nation we have assembed this advice.

Aiming to work in:

Austria
Germany
Norway
UK - it is important to review Directive 2005/36 Annex V as it was on the night of Brexit Jan 31 2020.

 

EACMFS is the European scientific society for our specialty. The OMFS Section has strong links foster by a shared liaison officer. EACMFS was established in 1970 by a group of innovative European surgeons who were keen to advance the specialty. The objectives of the Association are to promote cranio-maxillo-facial surgery in theory and practice and attempt to establish uniform training requirements for the specialty in Europe and encourage these worldwide.

Visit EACMFS

Each year, the national UEMS delegates update information about their nation. For an interactive map and list of reports click here.

Directive 2005/36/EC - defines the recognition of professional qualifications and enables the free movement of professionals such as doctors or architects within the EU.

2013/55/EU updates 2005/36/EC including information around professional development.

Switzerland has a Treaty with the EU  which covers the same areas of recognition and free travel as it is not a member of the EU or EAA.

Annex V of Directive 2005/36/EU contains the list of qualifications and the nations which recognised them. You can download PDF files of the DOMFS and MF elements which are the most recent of which we are aware. The Oral Surgery element of Annex V is here.

The below table lists the name of DOMFS and MF specialties in each nation - also as a PDF.

Nation

Country

Maxillofacial Surgery
(basic medical training)
Minimum training 5 years

Dental, Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery
(basic medical and basic dental training)
Minimum training 4 years

Austria

Österreich

Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie

Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie

Belgium

Belgique/België/Belgien

 

Stomatologie et chirurgie orale et maxillo-faciale/Stomatologie en mond-, kaak- en aangezichtschirurgie

Bulgaria

България

Лицево-челюстна хирургия

Дентална, орална и лицево-челюстна хирургия

Croatia

Hrvatska

Maksilofacijalna kirurgija

 

Cyprus

Κύπρος

 

Στοματο-Γναθο-Προσωποχειρουργική

Czech Rep

Česká republika

Maxilofaciální chirurgie

 

Denmark

Danmark

 

 

Estonia

Eesti

 

 

Finland

Suomi/Finland

 

Suu- ja leukakirurgia/Oral och maxillofacial kirurgi

France

France

Chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie

 

Germany

Deutschland

 

Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie

Greece

Ελλάς

 

Στοματική και Γναθοπροσωπική Χειρουργική

 

Hungary

Magyarország

Szájsebészet 

Arc-állcsont-szájsebészet

Ireland

Ireland

 

Oral and maxillo-facial surgery

Italy

Italia

Chirurgia maxillo-facciale

 

Latvia

Latvija

 

Mutes, sejas un žokļu ķirurģija’

Lithuania

Lietuva

Veido ir žandikaulių chirurgija

 

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Chirurgie maxillo-faciale

Chirurgie dentaire, orale et maxillo-faciale

Malta

Malta

 

Kirurġija tal-għadam tal-wiċċ

Netherlands

Nederland

 

 

Poland

Polska

Chirurgia szczekowo-twarzowa

 

Portugal

Portugal

Cirurgia maxilo-facial

 

Romania

România

 

Chirurgie Orală și Maxilo-facială 

Spain

España

Cirugía oral y maxilofacial

 

Slovakia

Slovenija

Maxilofacialna kirurgija

 

Slovenia

Slovensko

Maxilofaciálna chirurgia

 

Sweden

Sverige

 

 

UK*

United Kingdom

 

Oral and maxillo-facial surgery

Norway*

Norge Maxillofacial kirurgi  

Switzerland*

Schweiz

Suisse

Svizzera

 

Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie
Chirurgie orale et maxillofaciale
Chirurgia oro-maxillo-facciale

Dates joined Annex V

 

Hungary 2007
Austria 2013
Norway 2019

Germany 2006
Romania 2009
Greece 2014
Latvia 2024

Footnote

* not in EU so not on Annex V but European Economic Area (EEA) or European Treaty

   

(1)   Training leading to the award of evidence of formal qualifications as a specialist in dental, oral and maxillo-facial surgery (basic medical and dental training) assumes completion and validation of basic medical studies (Article 24) and, in addition, completion and validation of basic dental studies (Article 34).

 

Information for a nation wishing to adding their DOMFS to Annex V

The pathway for a nation’s specialty which is already present in Annex V, for OMFS that will be either dual degree Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (DOMFS) or single medical degree Maxillofacial Surgery (MFS), is relatively straight forward. It is called the Article 21 notification procedure. This paper will focus on the dual degree DOMFS pathway, but the details are similar for MFS. This information can be downloaded as a PDF from this link.

1. Evidence of the dual degree requirement in law or regulation is required.
The DOMFS training pathway must be “hard-wired” in the national medical training rules/law. All those completing training and being awarded the title of Specialist in DOMFS must be required to complete a validated basic medical studies (Article 24) and basic dental studies (Article 34) before completing the programme. “Custom and practice” of dual degree training is not sufficient.

The evidence required listed in Annex V:

  • the exact title of the evidence of formal qualifications (for point 5.1.3)
  • the nature of the evidence e.g. certificate or listing
  • the body that issues this evidence (for point 5.1.2) Chamber or Ministry

2. Duration of Specialty Training Programme must be at least 4 years
Within Annex V the minimum duration of training is four-years, including Article 25 conditions for the basic medical studies. Training must be in a recognised setting under supervision. The legal/regulation documentation about DOMFS training must show that the duration of training exceeds this. There is no scope for training to be shorter – this is a ‘hard gateway’ but Bologna principles apply in that there is the possibility of recognising training elements achieved prior to specialty training.

3. Evidence that the specialty is listed as a medical specialty on the list of regulated professionals in that nation in a manner that matches the EU Regulated Professions Database.

4. Submit the evidence above to the Commission Under Article 21a(3) of Directive 2005/36/EC through the Internal Market Information System (IMI).
This notification is the act that actually starts the listing process.

5. Commission assessment and Group of Coordinators consultation.
The Commission checks the notified provisions against Title III, Chapter III, and consults the Group of Coordinators for the recognition of professional qualifications(an expert group within the Commission). This is the stage when other member states can raise objection and is when a DOMFS notification is most likely to be queried.

6. Delegated act amending Annex V (performed by the Commission).
If satisfied, the Commission inserts an amendment into points 5.1.3 and 5.1.2 by delegated act under Article 21a(4)/Article 57c. These are bundled into the periodic consolidated Delegated Decision — updated on a roughly annual cycle. Delegated Acts/Decisions are subject to the Parliament's and Council's right of objection before entering into force.

7. Publication in the Official Journal and update Annex V.
On publication the listing takes effect, and DOMFS holders from that nation gain automatic recognition across the EU under Article 21.

Advice from AI and other sources for those wishing their DOMFS or MFS to be in Annex V

Engage the national EU coordinator early and timing the IMI notification to catch the annual consolidation cycle avoids losing a year waiting for the next Delegated Decision.
When the second qualification is obtained as part of the training programme.

There is regulatory divergence in EU nations over whether the second (dental) degree may be acquired during specialist training or must be completed and validated beforehand. For example the UK regulator used to interpret the footnote as meaning both qualifications must be obtained before entering specialty training.

Fortunately, the Commission will accept a clear unambiguous statement that both primary degrees and basic training must be "completed and validated" before specialty training is completed.

Evidence of Appropriate Curriculum Content

Mapping the nations OMFS curriculum to the UEMS OMFS European Training Requirement will reassure the Commission that the training "meets the harmonised standard."

Having this documented in advance avoids delays and questions.

Listing Details of DOMFS Training on the OMFS Section of UEMS Website

Ensure that the informal evidence base that the coordinators draw on is consistent with the submitted documents.

 

 

Information for a nation wishing to adding their MFS to Annex V

The pathway for a nation’s specialty which is already present in Annex V, for OMFS that will be either dual degree Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (DOMFS) or single medical degree Maxillofacial Surgery (MFS), is relatively straight forward. It is called the Article 21 notification procedure. This paper will focus on the dual degree MFS pathway, but the details are similar for DOMFS. This can be downloaded as a PDF from this link.

1. Evidence the Maxillofacial Surgery is a medical specialty in law or regulation is required.
The MFS training pathway must be “hard-wired” in the national medical training rules/law. All those completing training and being awarded the title of Specialist in MFS must be required to complete a validated basic medical studies (Article 24) before completing the programme. “Custom and practice” of medical degree training is not sufficient.

The evidence required listed in Annex V:

  • the exact title of the evidence of formal qualifications (for point 5.1.3)
  • the nature of the evidence e.g. certificate or listing
  • the body that issues this evidence (for point 5.1.2) Chamber or Ministry

2. Duration of Specialty Training Programme must be at least 5 years
Within Annex V the minimum duration of training is five-years, including Article 25 conditions for the basic medical studies. Training must be in a recognised setting under supervision. The legal/regulation documentation about MFS training must show that the duration of training exceeds this. There is no scope for training to be shorter – this is a ‘hard gateway’ but Bologna principles apply in that there is the possibility of recognising training elements achieved prior to specialty training.

3. Evidence that the specialty is listed as a medical specialty on the list of regulated professionals in that nation in a manner that matches the EU Regulated Professions Database.

4. Submit the evidence above to the Commission Under Article 21a(3) of Directive 2005/36/EC through the Internal Market Information System (IMI).
This notification is the act that actually starts the listing process.

5. Commission assessment and Group of Coordinators consultation.
The Commission checks the notified provisions against Title III, Chapter III, and consults the Group of Coordinators for the recognition of professional qualifications (an expert group within the Commission). This is the stage when other member states can raise objection and is when a MFS notification is most likely to be queried.

6. Delegated act amending Annex V (performed by the Commission).
If satisfied, the Commission inserts an amendment into points 5.1.3 and 5.1.2 by delegated act under Article 21a(4)/Article 57c. These are bundled into the periodic consolidated Delegated Decision — updated on a roughly annual cycle. Delegated Acts/Decisions are subject to the Parliament's and Council's right of objection before entering into force.

7. Publication in the Official Journal and update Annex V.
On publication the listing takes effect, and MFS holders from that nation gain automatic recognition across the EU under Article 21.

Advice from AI and other sources for those wishing their DOMFS or MFS to be in Annex V

Engage the national EU coordinator early and timing the IMI notification to catch the annual consolidation cycle avoids losing a year waiting for the next Delegated Decision.
Evidence of Appropriate Curriculum Content

Mapping the nations OMFS curriculum to the UEMS OMFS European Training Requirement will reassure the Commission that the training "meets the harmonised standard."

Having this documented in advance avoids delays and questions.

Listing Details of MFS Training on the OMFS Section of UEMS Website

Ensure that the informal evidence base that the coordinators draw on is consistent with the submitted documents.

 

 
domfs map dec 2024